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General comment No. 4:

第4号一般性看法：

Article 3 (Equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all civil and political rights)

第三条(男女对等享有总共公民职权和政事职权)

Thirteenth session (1981)

第十三届会议(1981年)

1. Article 3 of the Covenant requiring卡通色图， as it does， States parties to ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all civil and political rights provided for in the Covenant， has been insufficiently dealt with in a considerable number of States reports and has raised a number of concerns， two of which may be highlighted.

1. 《合同》第三条文矩各缔约国保证男女在享有《合同》所端正的一切公民职权和政事职权方面有对等的职权。 很多缔约国的论说对这极少莫得充分盘考，它引起了一些忧虑，其中有两点不错留心指出。

2. Firstly， article 3， as articles 2 (1) and 26 insofar as those articles primarily deal with the prevention of discrimination on a number of grounds， among which sex is one， requires not only measures of protection but also affirmative action designed to ensure the positive enjoyment of rights.

2. 第一，第三条，如同第二条第1款和第二十六条(主要盘考防御基于各式情理(性别是其中之一)的敌对)不异，不仅条目罗致保护纪律，还条目罗致旨在保证积极享有职权的正面活动。

This cannot be done simply by enacting laws.

这不可单凭立法来完成。

Hence， more information has generally been required regarding the role of women in practice with a view to ascertaining what measures， in addition to purely legislative measures of protection， have been or are being taken to give effect to the precise and positive obligations under article 3 and to ascertain what progress is being made or what factors or difficulties are being met in this regard.

因此，频繁需要更多关系妇女实质料位的良友，以详情在地谈的法律保护纪律之外，还罗致了或正在罗致什么纪律，以实施第三条文矩的明确积极的义务，并详情在这方面有何施展和遭遇什么成分或贫瘠。

3. Secondly， the positive obligation undertaken by States parties under that article may itself have an inevitable impact on legislation or administrative measures specifically designed to regulate matters other than those dealt with in the Covenant but which may adversely affect rights recognized in the Covenant.

3. 第二，各缔约国承担该条文矩的积极义务本人就可能对专为照顾不在《合同》内但会严重影响《合同》阐述的职权的事务而制定的法律或行政纪律有着不可幸免的影响。

One example， among others， is the degree to which immigration laws which distinguish between a male and a female citizen may or may not adversely affect the scope of the right of the woman to marriage to non citizens or to hold public office.

其中一例是，离别男女公民的外侨法会不会达到严重影响妇女与非公民结婚或担任公职的职权的进度。

4. The Committee， therefore， considers that it might assist States parties if special attention were given to a review by specially appointed bodies or institutions of laws or measures which inherently draw a distinction between men and women insofar as those laws or measures adversely affect the rights provided for in the Covenant and， secondly， that States parties should give specific information in their reports about all measures， legislative or otherwise， designed to implement their undertaking under this article.

4. 因此，委员会以为，如若额外防卫由有利指定的机构或机关对男女有别而严重影响到《合同》端正的职权的法律或纪律进行审查，将会对缔约国有匡助。 再者，各缔约国应在其论说中提供旨在实践其本条文矩的义务的一切法律或其他的纪律的具体良友。

5. The Committee considers that it might help the States parties in implementing this obligation， if more use could be made of existing means of international cooperation with a view to exchanging experience and organizing assistance in solving the practical problems connected with the insurance of equal rights for men and women.

5. 委员会以为，如或者更多期骗现存的海外互助圭臬，以求在措置对于保证男女对等职权的实质问题中交换警戒和安排调停，可能有匡助于缔约国履行这项义务。

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